National Employment Standards

The National Employment Standards (NES) are the minimum employment entitlements that apply to every employee in the national workplace system, regardless of their award or agreement. No award, enterprise agreement or employment contract can provide less.

They set the floor; the Pastoral Award 2020 and any agreement build on top. The Fair Work Ombudsman maintains the full detail — this page covers what the standards mean for a dairy business and links to that detail.

The 11 standards

In summary, the NES provide:

  • Maximum weekly hours — 38 hours for full-time employees, plus reasonable additional hours.
  • Flexible working requests — the right to ask for a change in some circumstances.
  • Casual conversion — pathways for eligible casuals to move to permanent employment.
  • Parental leave — up to 12 months' unpaid leave, with a right to request a further 12.
  • Annual leave — four weeks paid (pro-rata for part-time).
  • Personal/carer's and compassionate leave — paid sick and carer's leave, plus compassionate leave.
  • Family and domestic violence leave — 10 days paid each year, including for casuals.
  • Community service leave — for jury duty and voluntary emergency management.
  • Long service leave — under the applicable state or territory law.
  • Public holidays — a paid day off on a public holiday (with exceptions).
  • Notice of termination and redundancy pay — minimum notice and severance based on service.

Employers must also give every new employee the Fair Work Information Statement (and new casuals the Casual Employment Information Statement) and pay superannuation. For the full detail of each standard, see the Fair Work National Employment Standards page.

What the NES mean for dairy

The Pastoral Award 2020 averages the 38 ordinary hours over a four-week period (152 hours), reflecting the rhythm of farm work. Award and agreement terms can add to the NES but never reduce them. For rates and hours, see the Pay rates and Awards sections.

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Common questions

What are the National Employment Standards?
The National Employment Standards (NES) are the minimum employment entitlements that apply to every employee in the national workplace system. No award, agreement or contract can provide less than the NES.
How many National Employment Standards are there?
There are 11 standards, covering maximum weekly hours, flexible working requests, casual conversion, parental leave, annual leave, personal/carer's and compassionate leave, family and domestic violence leave, community service leave, long service leave, public holidays, and notice of termination and redundancy. Employers must also provide the Fair Work Information Statement and pay superannuation.
Do the National Employment Standards apply to dairy farm employees?
Yes. The NES apply to all employees in the national system, which covers most dairy employers. The Pastoral Award 2020 builds on the NES — for example, by averaging the 38 ordinary hours over a four-week period — but cannot provide less than them.